1.ichromatic aberration
1.1 Yintoni ukuphambuka kwechromatic?
I-chromatic aberration ibangelwa ngumahluko kwi-transmissivity yezinto eziphathekayo. Ukukhanya kwendalo kuqulunqwe ngummandla wokukhanya obonakalayo kunye noluhlu lwe-wavelength lwe-390 ukuya kwi-770 nm, kwaye ezinye ziyi-spectrum engenakubonwa liso lomntu. Kuba imathiriyeli inezalathisi ezingafaniyo zokuphinda zikhanye zobude obuhlukeneyo bokukhanya okunemibala, ukukhanya kombala ngamnye kunendawo eyahlukileyo yokucinga kunye nokwandiswa, okukhokelela kwi-chromatism yesikhundla.
1.2 Ingaba ukuphambuka kwechromatic kuwuchaphazela njani umgangatho womfanekiso
(1) Ngenxa yobude obuhlukeneyo kunye nesalathiso sokuphinda sibonakale semibala eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya, indawo-inqaku ayinakujoliswa kakuhle kwindawo enye egqibeleleyo yomfanekiso, ke ifoto iya kuba mfiliba.
(2) Kwakhona, ngenxa yokwandiswa ngokwahlukeneyo kwemibala eyahlukeneyo, kuya kubakho "imigca yomnyama" emphethweni weendawo zomfanekiso.
1.3 Ingaba i-chromatic aberration iyichaphazela njani imodeli ye-3D
Xa i-image-points ine "imigca ye-rainbow", iya kuchaphazela i-software yemodeli ye-3D ukuze ihambelane nenqaku elifanayo. Kwinto efanayo, ukudityaniswa kwemibala emithathu kunokubangela impazamo ngenxa "yemigca ye-rainbow". Xa le mpazamo iqokelela ngokwaneleyo, iya kubangela "i-stratification".
1.4 Ukuphelisa njani ukuphambuka kwechromatic
Ukusetyenziswa kwesalathiso se-refractive esahlukileyo kunye nokusabalalisa okuhlukeneyo kweglasi yokudibanisa kunokuphelisa ukuchithwa kwe-chromatic. Umzekelo, sebenzisa i-low refractive index kunye ne-low dispersion glass njenge-convex lens, kunye ne-high refractive index kunye ne-dispersion glass ephezulu njenge-concave lens.
Ilensi edityanisiweyo enjalo inobude bojoliso obufutshane kumgama ophakathi wamaza kunye nobude obude bokujolisa kwimitha yamaza amaza amade namafutshane. Ngokulungelelanisa i-spherical curvature ye-lens, ubude obugxilwe bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nobomvu bunokulingana ngokuthe ngqo, okuphelisa ngokusisiseko ukuphambuka kwechromatic.
I-spectrum yesibini
Kodwa i-chromatic aberration ayikwazi ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokusebenzisa i-lens edibeneyo, i-chromatic aberration eseleyo ibizwa ngokuba "yi-secondary spectrum". Okukhona ubude bojoliso belensi, kokukhona kusaleleyo ukuphambuka kwechromatic. Ke ngoko, kwisaveyi yasemoyeni efuna imilinganiselo ephezulu echanekileyo, i-spectrum yesibini ayinakuhoywa.
Ngokwethiyori, ukuba ibhendi yokukhanya inokwahlulwa ibe ngamathuba aluhlaza-luhlaza kunye nohlaza-obomvu, kwaye ubuchule be-achromatic busetyenziswa kwezi zihlandlo zimbini, i-spectrum yesibini inokupheliswa ngokusisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakaliswe ngokubala ukuba ukuba i-achromatic yokukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okubomvu, i-chromatic aberration yokukhanya okuluhlaza kuba kukhulu; ukuba i-achromatic yokukhanya okuluhlaza kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza, i-chromatic aberration yokukhanya okubomvu iba kukhulu. Kubonakala ngathi le yingxaki enzima kwaye akukho mpendulo, i-spectrum enenkani ayinakususwa ngokupheleleyo.
I-Apochromatic（APO）ubuchwepheshe
Ngethamsanqa, izibalo zethiyori zifumene indlela ye-APO, kukufumana imathiriyeli yelensi ekhethekileyo enokusasazeka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya ekukhanyeni okubomvu kuphantsi kakhulu kwaye ukukhanya okuluhlaza ukuya kukukhanya okuluhlaza kuphezulu kakhulu.
I-Fluorite yinto ekhethekileyo enjalo, ukusabalalisa kwayo kuphantsi kakhulu, kwaye inxalenye ye-dispersion ehambelanayo isondele kwiiglasi ezininzi ze-optical. I-Fluorite inesalathiso esisezantsi se-refractive, iyanyibilika kancinane emanzini, kwaye inekhono elibi lenkqubo kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, kodwa ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo ze-achromatic, iba yinto exabisekileyo ebonakalayo.
Zimbalwa kakhulu i-fluorite eninzi ecocekileyo engasetyenziselwa izinto ezibonakalayo kwindalo, kunye nexabiso labo eliphezulu kunye nobunzima bokucubungula, iilensi zefluorite ziye zafana neelensi eziphezulu. Iilensi ezahlukeneyo Abavelisi baye bazama kangangoko ukufumana izinto ezithatha indawo yefluorite. Iglasi yesithsaba se-fluorine yenye yazo, kwaye iglasi ye-AD, iglasi ye-ED kunye neglasi ye-UD zezinye ezithatha indawo.
Iikhamera ze-Rainpoo oblique zisebenzisa iglasi ye-ED ye-dispersion ephantsi kakhulu njengelensi yekhamera ukwenza i-aberration kunye nokuphazamiseka kube kuncinci kakhulu. Akugcini nje ukunciphisa amathuba okuba ne-stratification, kodwa kunye nempembelelo yemodeli ye-3D iphuculwe kakhulu, ephucula kakhulu umphumo weekona zesakhiwo kunye ne-facade.
2. Ukugqwethwa
2.1 Yintoni ukugqwetheka
Ukugqwethwa kweLens eneneni ligama eliqhelekileyo lokugqwetheka kwembono, oko kukuthi, ukugqwetheka okubangelwa yimbono. Olu hlobo lokuphazamiseka luya kuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu ekuchanekeni kwefotogrammetry. Ngapha koko, injongo yefotogrammetry kukuvelisa kwakhona, hayi ukubaxa, ngoko kuyafuneka ukuba iifoto zibonise ulwazi oluyinyani lwesikali seempawu zomhlaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Kodwa ngenxa yokuba olu luphawu lwendalo lwelensi (i-lens econvex iguqula ukukhanya kunye nelensi econcave iyaphambanisa ukukhanya), ubudlelwane obubonakaliswe kuyilo lwe-optical: imeko ye-tangent yokuphelisa ukugqwetheka kunye nemeko ye-sine yokuphelisa isiqaqa se-diaphragm ayinakwaneliswa. ngexesha elifanayo, ngoko ke ukuphazamiseka kunye ne-optical chromatic aberration Okufanayo akunakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo, kuphuculwe kuphela.
Kulo mzobo ungasentla, kukho ubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi kobude bomfanekiso kunye nobude bento, kwaye umlinganiselo phakathi kwezi zimbini kukwandiswa.
Kwinkqubo efanelekileyo yokucinga, umgama phakathi kwento yenqwelomoya kunye nelensi ugcinwa ungaguquki, kwaye ukwandiswa lixabiso elithile, ngoko kukho kuphela ubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi komfanekiso kunye nento, akukho kuphazamiseka konke.
Nangona kunjalo, kweyona nkqubo yokucinga, kuba ukuphambuka okungqukuva kwemitha eyintloko ihluka ngokunyuka kwe-engile yentsimi, ukwandiswa akusekho rhoqo kwinqwelomoya yomfanekiso wesibini sezinto ezidityanisiweyo, oko kukuthi, ukukhulisa isikhungo somfanekiso kunye nokwandiswa komphetho akuhambelani, umfanekiso ulahlekelwa ukufana kwawo kwinto. Esi siphene siphazamisa umfanekiso sibizwa ngokuba yi-distortion.
2.2 Ukugqwethwa kukuchaphazela njani ukuchaneka
Okokuqala, impazamo ye-AT (i-Aerial Triangulation) iya kuchaphazela impazamo yelifu elishinyeneyo, kwaye ke impazamo enxulumene nemodeli ye-3D. Ngoko ke, ingcambu ye-square (i-RMS ye-Reprojection Error) yenye yezibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuchaneka kokugqibela komzekelo. Ngokujonga ixabiso le-RMS, ukuchaneka kwemodeli ye-3D kunokugwetywa ngokulula. Ixabiso elincinci le-RMS, liphezulu ukuchaneka kwemodeli.
2.3 Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ukugqwethwa kweelensi
ubude bojoliso
Ngokubanzi, okukhona ubude obugxininisiweyo belensi egxininisekileyo, kokukhona kuncinci ukugqwetheka; Okukhona ubude bojoliso bufutshane, kokukhona ugqweso lukhulu. Nangona ukugqwethwa kwe-ultra-long focal length lens(tele lens) sele incinci kakhulu, eneneni, ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo ubude benqwelomoya kunye nezinye iiparamitha, ubude belensi yekhamera yovavanyo lwasemoyeni ayinakuba. ixesha elide kangako.Umzekelo, lo mfanekiso ulandelayo yi-Sony 400mm telens lens. Uyabona ukuba ukuguqulwa kwelensi kuncinci kakhulu, phantse kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-0.5%. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba ukuba usebenzisa le lens ukuqokelela iifoto kwisisombululo se-1cm, kwaye ukuphakama kwendiza sele i-820m.let drone ukubhabha kule ndawo ayinangqiqo ngokupheleleyo.
Ukusetyenzwa kweLens
Ukusetyenzwa kweLens lelona nyathelo lintsokothileyo neliphezulu lichanekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ilensi, ebandakanya ubuncinane iinkqubo ezisi-8. Inkqubo yangaphambili ibandakanya izinto ze-nitrate-barrel ukusonga-isanti ejingayo-yokusila, kunye ne-post-process ithatha i-core-coating-adhesion-ink coating. Ukuchaneka kokucubungula kunye nokusingqongileyo kuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kokugqibela kweelensi ze-optical.
Ukuchaneka kokucutshungulwa okuphantsi kunempembelelo ebulalayo kwi-imaging distortion, ekhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-lens engalinganiyo yokuphazamiseka, engenakulinganiswa okanye ukulungiswa, okuya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchaneka kwemodeli ye-3D.
Ufakelo lweLens
Umzobo 1 ubonisa i-lens tilt ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka i-lens;
Umzobo we-2 ubonisa ukuba i-lens ayigxininisi ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-lens;
Umzobo 3 ubonisa ukufakela okuchanekileyo.
Kwiimeko ezintathu ezingentla, iindlela zokufakela kwiimeko ezimbini zokuqala zonke "zingalunganga" indibano, eya kutshabalalisa isakhiwo esilungisiweyo, okubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokufiphala, isikrini esingalinganiyo kunye nokusabalalisa. Ngoko ke, ulawulo oluchanekileyo oluchanekileyo lusafuneka ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nokudibanisa.
Inkqubo yokuhlanganisa iilensi
Inkqubo yendibano yelensi ibhekisa kwinkqubo yemodyuli yelensi iyonke kunye nenzwa yokucinga. Iiparameters ezifana nendawo yenqaku eliphambili le-orientation element kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-tangential kwiiparamitha zokulinganisa ikhamera zichaza iingxaki ezibangelwa yimpazamo yendibano.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, uluhlu oluncinci lweempazamo zendibano lunokunyamezela (ewe, ukuphakama kokuchaneka kwendibano, kungcono). Ngethuba nje iiparitha zokulinganisa zichanekile, ukuguqulwa komfanekiso kunokubalwa ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye emva koko ukuguqulwa komfanekiso kunokususwa. Ukungcangcazela kunokubangela ukuba i-lens ihambe kancinci kwaye ibangele ukuba iiparamitha zokugqwesa iilensi zitshintshe. Kungenxa yoko le nto ikhamera yesaveyi yesiqhelo kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ilinganiswe kwakhona emva kwexesha elithile .
2.3 Ilensi yekhamera ejiyile yeRainpoo
Kabini Gawube isakhiwo
Ifoto ye-Oblique ineemfuno ezininzi ze-lens, ukuba ibe yincinci ngobukhulu, ilula ngobunzima, iphantsi kokuphazamiseka komfanekiso kunye ne-chromatic aberration, ukuveliswa kombala ophezulu, kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu. Xa kuyilwa ulwakhiwo lwelensi, ilensi yeRainpoo isebenzisa ulwakhiwo oluphindwe kabini lweGauβ, njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso:
Isakhiwo sahlulwe phambi kwelensi, i-diaphragm, kunye nomva welens. Ngaphambili nangasemva kunokubonakala "ku-symmetrical" ngokubhekiselele kwi-diaphragm. Ulwakhiwo olunjalo luvumela ezinye ii-chromatic aberrations eziveliswe ngaphambili nangasemva ukuba zirhoxise enye kwenye, ngoko ke ineengenelo ezinkulu kuhlengahlengiso kunye nolawulo lobungakanani belensi kwinqanaba lokugqibela.
Isipili seAspheric
Kwikhamera ye-oblique edibeneyo kunye neelensi ezintlanu, ukuba i-lens nganye iphindwe kabini ubunzima, ikhamera iya kuba nesisindo esiphindwe kahlanu; ukuba i-lens nganye iphinda kabini ubude, ngoko ikhamera ye-oblique iya kuphinda kabini ubukhulu. Ngoko ke, xa uyila, ukuze ufumane umgangatho ophezulu womgangatho wesithombe ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba ukuchithwa kunye nomthamo kuncinci kunokwenzeka, iilensi ze-aspheric kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
Iilensi ze-aspherical zinokuphinda zigxininise ukukhanya okusasazeke kumphezulu ojikelezayo ubuyela ekugxininisweni, azinako ukufumana isisombululo esiphezulu kuphela, zenze iqondo lokuzala kombala libe phezulu, kodwa zinokugqibezela ulungiso lwe-aberration ngenani elincinci leelens, ukunciphisa inani leelensi ukwenza. ikhamera ilula kwaye incinci.
Ukulungiswa kokuphazamiseka ubuchwepheshe
Impazamo kwinkqubo yokuhlanganisa iya kubangela ukuba i-lens tangential distortion inyuke. Ukunciphisa le mpazamo yendibano yinkqubo yolungiso olugqwethekileyo. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa umzobo weskimu sokugqwethwa kwe-tangential yelensi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuchithwa kwe-displacement ku-symmetrical ngokubhekiselele kwicala elisezantsi lasekhohlo--ikona eliphezulu lasekunene, ebonisa ukuba i-lens ine-rotation angle perpendicular to direction, ebangelwa yimpazamo yendibano.
Ke ngoko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwemifanekiso ephezulu kunye nomgangatho, iRainpoo yenze uthotho lweetshekhi ezingqongqo kuyilo, ukusetyenzwa kunye nokuhlanganisa:
Kwinqanaba lokuqala loyilo, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukubambisana kwendibano ye-lens, kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiplani zokufakela iilensi zicutshungulwa yi-clamping enye;
②Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuguqula i-alloy ezivela kumazwe angaphandle kwiileyile ezichanekileyo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuchaneka komatshini kufikelela kwinqanaba le-IT6, ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyamezela kwe-coaxiality yi-0.01mm;
③Ilensi nganye ixhotyiswe ngeseti yeegeji zeplagi zentsimbi ezichaneke kakhulu kumphezulu ongaphakathi ojikelezayo (ubungakanani ngabunye buqulathe ubuncinci imigangatho emi-3 yonyamezelo eyahlukeneyo), indawo nganye ihlolwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye ukunyamezelana kwendawo okunje ngokuhambelana kunye neperpendicularity kuchongiwe nge isixhobo sokulinganisa esineendlela ezintathu;
④Emva kokuba ilensi nganye ivelisiwe, kufuneka ihlolwe, kubandakanywa nesisombululo sengqikelelo kunye novavanyo lwetshathi, kunye nezalathisi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesisombululo kunye nokuveliswa kombala welensi.
I-RMS yeelensi zeRainpoo iTek
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