Amanqaku olawulo kunye neenkcukacha zePPK zichaphazela njani ukuchaneka okuhambelana nemodeli ye-3D

Kule mifuniselo mibini, siye sazisa iintlobo ezine ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwemodeli ye-3D. Iintlobo ezine ezahlukeneyo zezi:

1: Iintlobo zedrone yomthwali: i-VTOL drone okanye i-multi-rotor drone

2:i-GSD eyahlukileyo

3:Nge/Ngaphandle kwamanqaku olawulo lomhlaba

4:Nge/Ngaphandle kwedatha yePPK

Uvavanyo loku-1: impembelelo yamanqaku okulawula umhlaba (GCPs) malunga nokuchaneka okuhambelana nomzekelo we-3D;

Umqathango 1

Idrone yokuthwala	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Ewe

Uluhlu lweziphumo 1:

Inani lezinto	ubude bomlinganiselo (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0308m

Umqathango 2

Idrone yokuthwala	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	Hayi

Iziphumo Uluhlu 2:

Inani lezinto	ubude bomlinganiselo (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0328m

Umqathango 3

Idrone yokuthwala	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Ewe

Iziphumo Uluhlu 3:

Inani lezinto	ubude bomlinganiselo (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m,Ds2=0.0249m

Umqathango 4

Idrone yokuthwala	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	GSD	PPK
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	1.5cm	Hayi

Iziphumo Uluhlu 4:

Inani lezinto	ubude bomlinganiselo (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m,Ds2=0.0259m

Umqathango 5

Idrone yokuthwala	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	GSD	PPK
I-DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	DG4pros	1.5cm	Hayi

Iziphumo Uluhlu 5:

Inani lezinto	ubude bomlinganiselo (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwe-GCP	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) ene-GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0256m

Izigqibo

Izinto eziguquguqukayo zomfuniselo 1 zezi:

1:Nge/Ngaphandle kwedatha yePPK.

2: Iintlobo zedrone yomthwali: i-VTOL drone okanye i-multi-rotor drone

3:iGSD eyahlukileyo:1.5cm okanye 2cm

Emva kohlalutyo lweeseti ezintlanu zedatha yovavanyo, sinokufikelela kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:

Xa ikhamera ye-oblique i-DG4Pros:

(1) Ngaphandle / Ngaphandle kwendawo yokulawula umhlaba (GCP) echaphazelekayo kwi-AT triangulation, nokuba i-VTOL okanye i-drone ye-rotor multi-rotor, nokuba i-GSD i-2cm okanye i-1.5cm, imodeli ye-3D eyakhiwe ngekhamera ye-oblique DG4Pros inokuhlangabezana iimfuno zempazamo yokuchaneka kokuchaneka Ds≤10cm.

(2) Xa nge/ngaphandle kwe-GCPs kukuguquguquka okukodwa, ukuchaneka okunxulumene nemodeli ye-3D ene-GCPs kungcono kunoko ngaphandle kwe-GCP.

(4) Xa i-drone ye-carrier carrier is the single variable, ukuchaneka kokuchaneka kwemodeli ye-3D esebenzisa i-multi-rotor ingcono kunokusebenzisa i-VTOL njenge-drone ye-carrier.

Uvavanyo lwe-2: Ngaphandle kwe-GCPs, umphumo wedatha ye-PPK ekuchanekeni okuhambelana nemodeli ye-3D

Umqathango 1

Idrone yokuthwala	Ikhamera ye-Oblique	GSD	GCPs
CW10 VTOL	DG4pros	2cm	HAYI

Uluhlu lweziphumo 1:

Inani lezinto	ubude bomlinganiselo (L0)	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L1) ngaphandle kwePPK	Ubude bemodeli ye-3D (L2) enePPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
I-RMSE Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0342m

Ngaphambili:Indlela i-chromatic aberration kunye nokugqwesa kuyichaphazela ngayo i-ima

Okulandelayo:Ubude bengqwalasela buchaphazela njani iziphumo ze-3D zemodeli

Buyela

Iikhamera ze-RIY oblique

Iikhamera ze-RIE ezinelensi enye

Izincedisi

Ubungcali

Ingcono kunokukhanya

Yonga ixesha

Funda ukusebenza kwimizuzu eli-10

Umgangatho womfanekiso ophezulu kunye nokuchaneka

Ungqamaniso sesichengeni

Yomelele kwaye ikhuselekile

Inokudityaniswa neentlobo ezininzi zeedrones

Uvavanyo/GIS

IsiXeko esiSmart

Ulwakhiwo/Ezemigodi

Ukhenketho/ukhuseleko lwezakhiwo zamandulo

Umkhosi/Amapolisa

Inqaku

Uvavanyo loku-1: impembelelo yamanqaku okulawula umhlaba (GCPs) malunga nokuchaneka okuhambelana nomzekelo we-3D;

Umqathango 1

Uluhlu lweziphumo 1:

Umqathango 2

Iziphumo Uluhlu 2:

Umqathango 3

Iziphumo Uluhlu 3:

Umqathango 4

Iziphumo Uluhlu 4:

Umqathango 5

Iziphumo Uluhlu 5:

Izigqibo

Uvavanyo lwe-2: Ngaphandle kwe-GCPs, umphumo wedatha ye-PPK ekuchanekeni okuhambelana nemodeli ye-3D

Umqathango 1

Uluhlu lweziphumo 1:

IIMVELISO+

IZICELO+

Inqaku+

Ngathi+

QHAGAMSHELANA NATHI